In the field of flight control, developing systems that are resilient to faults and external disturbances is a fundamental challenge that directly contributes to the safety and stability of flight operations. This paper presents a novel strategy to enhance flight control performance in the presence of sensor faults and external disturbances. The proposed approach consists of three key stages:First, for disturbance rejection and estimation, a high-order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) is employed. This observer, in conjunction with a super-twisting controller, effectively isolates sensor noise and external disturbances from the angular velocity measurements.Second, to detect and isolate sensor faults, an adaptive neural observer is designed. This observer dynamically identifies unexpected variations and faults in the sensor data.Finally, in the third stage, a backstepping-based control framework is implemented, which utilizes the estimated fault information to apply smooth control commands for fault compensation in real time.Extensive nonlinear dynamic simulations conducted on the F-18A fighter aircraft model clearly demonstrate the superior fault-tolerant performance of the proposed control framework compared to conventional methods. The use of the HOSMO results in a 13.37% improvement in tracking accuracy and a 58.8% enhancement in estimation precision compared to the STA-based structure. Moreover, the system exhibits a high degree of adaptability under complex dynamic conditions key features that significantly improve the reliability and operational effectiveness of flight control systems, making this approach a promising candidate for real-world applications.