In today’s complex and competitive world, talent development especially in specialized fields such as aerospace engineering is considered one of the strategic priorities of organizations for maintaining a competitive advantage. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the development of talents among undergraduate graduates of aerospace engineering from a defense university in their workplace environment. Given the nature of the research, a qualitative method was employed. The research sample consisted of 15 scientific and experiential experts who had a deep understanding of the research topic and were selected through a non-probability snowball sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA software (version 11). To ensure the credibility and validity of the data, the recoding method and participant feedback were used. The findings of the study indicated that talent development is influenced by five main factors: environmental and organizational factors, individual factors, modern learning technologies, opportunities for professional growth and experiential learning, and leadership and collegial support within the workplace. The results of this research can provide a practical framework for policymaking, planning, and implementing talent development systems in defense and specialized organizations, and can contribute to the continuous enhancement of talented human resources in complex and technology-driven work environments.